About 30% of people with depression do not respond to standard antidepressant trials, and there is a huge current need for more effective treatments. Depression remains a leading cause of global disability, and there have been few major advances for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Currently, there is no antidepressant nearly as effective as ECT, discovered around a century ago. One of the most important breakthroughs at the turn of the century was the demonstration of t